SiO2气凝胶复合保温材料的热湿性能研究

关键字：气凝胶,二氧化硅,隔热,吸湿,保温材料

（1.广州大学 土木工程学院，广东 广州  510006；2.广州大学 建筑节能研究院，广东 广州  510006）

    摘要：以洗水棉纤维毡为支撑体，以超级绝热SiO2气凝胶为填充介质，采用溶胶-凝胶法和常压干燥制备了纤维毡/SiO2气凝胶复合保温材料，对复合材料的微观结构和疏水性能进行了表征，测试了不同湿度环境下纤维毡及其复合材料的吸湿率和透湿率，并采用瞬态热平面法测试了导热系数。结果表明，随着环境湿度的增大，纤维毡的吸湿率和导热系数均明显增大，与SiO2气凝胶复合后，两者显著降低，且随湿度变化很小，复合材料的吸湿率在1%左右，导热系数在0.0176~0.0187 W/（m·K），该复合材料对潮湿地区的隔热保温具有很好的应用价值。
    关键词：气凝胶；二氧化硅；隔热；吸湿；保温材料
    中图分类号：TU55+1        文献标识码：A        文章编号：1001-702X（2017）03-0067-05

Hygrothermal performance of silica aerogel composite for thermal insulation material
ZHANG Yuhui1，LIU Yanni1，YANG Jianming1，WU Huijun1，2
（1.College of Civil Engineering，Guangzhou University，Guangzhou 510006，China；2.Institute of Building Energy Efficiency，Guangzhou University，Guangzhou 510006，China）

    Abstract：Fiber/silica aerogel composite thermal insulation materials were successfully prepared by using wash water cotton fiber as reinforce material and super insulation silica aerogel as filling material and by sol-gel process and ambient pressure drying technology. The microstructure and hydrophobic property of composites were characterized and the rates of moisture absorption and water permeability were measured under different relative humidity. Besides，the thermal conductivity of the composites in different relative humidity were also measured by transient thermal plane method. The results indicated that with increase of environmental humidity，the moisture absorption rate and thermal conductivity of fibers were significantly increased. In contrast，those of silica aerogel composite were significantly lower with only slight change，and have little change with humidity，resulting in moisture absorption rate of 1% and thermal conductivities of 0.0176~0.0187 W/（m·K）. This could be of great advantage to thermal insulation engineering applications in moist areas.
    Key words：aerogel，silica，thermal insulation，moisture absorption，insulating material