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相变材料应用于建筑围护结构的能耗模拟
作者：邹泽辉，曲世琳，冀如
（北京科技大学，北京 100083）
摘要：将相变材料（PCM）应用于建筑围护结构中具有降低建筑能耗的巨大潜力。但是PCM的节能效果与气候环境及其本身的因素相关。通过数值模拟的方法验证了PCM应用于深圳某建筑围护结构中的节能潜力，并对影响PCM应用效率的因素进行了研究。结果表明，在深圳地区建筑中应用PCM的全年最佳相变温度为27 ℃，此时建筑的全年总能耗可降低22.96%；将PCM安装在围护结构的外侧比内侧效果更好；PCM安装在屋面的节能效果最好，而安装在北墙的最差；安装的PCM层越厚，建筑能耗也越低，模拟结果表明，当PCM厚度为2 cm时，单位厚度的能耗减少量最大，效率及成本效益最高。
关键词：相变材料；能耗模拟；围护结构；亚热带气候
中图分类号：TU111.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-702X（2019）10-0014-05
Energy consumption simulation of phase change materials applied to building envelopes
ZOU Zehui，QU Shilin，JI Ru
（University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China）
Abstract：Applying PCM to the building envelope has great potential to reduce building energy consumption. It is interesting to note that energy saving effect of PCM is related to the climate environment and its own factors. In this paper，the energy-saving potential of PCM applied to a building envelope in Shenzhen was verified by digital simulation method，and the factors affecting the efficiency of PCM application were investigated. The results showed that in Shenzhen the annual optimum phase transition temperature of PCM is 27 ℃，leading to the reduction of total annual building energy consumption of 22.96%. In addition，the PCM mounted on the outer surface of the enclosure is better than the inner surface. PCM is best installed on the roof，and the worst on the north wall. The thicker the PCM layer installed，the lower the building energy consumption is，but when the thickness is 2 cm，the energy loss per unit thickness of PCM is the largest，the efficiency and cost-effectiveness is the highest.
Key words：phase change materials，energy consumption simulation，building envelopes，subtropical climate