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磷石膏免烧砖的性能及其重金属离子固定研究
作者：郭小雨1，樊传刚1，裴立宅1，凌贤长2，韩杰才2，周家成3，黄建章3
（1.安徽工业大学 材料科学与工程学院，先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点实验室，安徽 马鞍山 243002；
2.哈尔滨工业大学 土木工程学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090；3.四川绿岛环境工程有限公司，四川 成都 610000）
摘要：以磷石膏为主要原料，水泥、矿渣微粉、粉煤灰及硅灰作为胶凝材料，经自然养护制备出符合环保要求的磷石膏免烧砖，系统研究了成型压力、胶凝材料与磷石膏质量比（胶磷比）对磷石膏免烧砖力学性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）分析了磷石膏免烧砖的固化过程和重金属离子固定机制。结果表明，胶磷比为1∶1时，随着成型压力的提高，磷石膏免烧砖的抗压强度显著提高。成型压力为10 MPa时，随着胶磷比的增大，磷石膏免烧砖的抗压强度、软化系数、吸水率及冻融稳定性提高。ICP-OES、XRD及SEM分析结果表明，磷石膏免烧砖内的重金属元素铅、钡被固定，所制备的磷石膏免烧砖可以用作建筑材料。
关键词：磷石膏；免烧砖；重金属离子；固定机制
中图分类号：TU522.1+9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-702X（2020）10-0127-05
Studying on performance and fixation of heavy metal ions of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks
GUO Xiaoyu1，FAN Chuangang1，PEI Lizhai1，LING Xianzhang2，HAN Jiecai2，ZHOU Jiacheng3，HUANG Jianzhang3
（1.School of Materials Science and Engineering，Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials，Ministry of Education，Anhui University of Technology，Anhui Ma'anshan 243002，China；
2.School of Civil Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150090，China；
3.Sichuan Green Island Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd.，Chengdu 610000，China）
Abstract：Phosphogypsum baking-free bricks meeting the environmental protection requirements have been prepared by the natural curing process using the phosphogypsum as the main raw materials，cement，slag，fly ash and silica fume as the cementing materials. The influences of the suppression strength，the ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogypsum on the mechanical performance of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks have been investigated in detail. The solidification process and heavy metal ions fixation mechanism of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction（XRD），scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer（ICP-OES）. The compressive strength of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks increases obviously with increasing the pressure strength with the ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogypsum of 1∶1. The compressive strength，softening coefficient，water absorption and freeze-thaw stability of the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks increase obviously with the increase of the ratio of the cementing materials and phosphogypsum when the suppression strength is 10 MPa. ICP-OES，XRD and SEM results show that the heavy metal Pb and Ba in the phosphogypsum baking-free bricks can be fixed. The phosphogypsum baking-free bricks can be used as the building materials.
Key words：phosphogypsum，baking-free bricks，heavy metal ions，solidified mechanism