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夏热冬暖地区典型建筑外墙对建筑能耗影响研究
作者：李梅香1，刘红娟2，蒋能飞1，林宇2
[1.深圳市建筑设计研究总院有限公司，广东 深圳 518028；
2.华蓝设计（集团）有限公司 广西城市建筑热环境控制工程技术研究中心，广西 南宁 530011]
摘要：目前，建筑运行能耗在建筑能源消耗中占比较大。为寻求夏热冬暖地区对建筑节能最有利的建筑外墙，基于GB 55015—2021，对采用不同典型外墙构造的设计与参照建筑进行仿真模拟，分析不同窗墙比对建筑冷负荷与过渡季节自然室温的影响。结果表明：外墙主要构造材料是影响围护结构节能率最主要的原因；同时建筑外墙传热系数不应一味减小，还应考虑室内夜间散热问题。对于2022年4月1日后的新建建筑，应优先采用主体构造为页岩烧结多孔砖（240 mm）的典型建筑外墙，对建筑节能最有利。
关键词：夏热冬暖地区；典型外墙构造；建筑冷负荷；自然室温；围护结构节能率
中图分类号：TU111.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-702X（2022）08-0025-07
Influence of exterior wall on building energy consumption in hot summer and warm winter area
LI Meixiang1，LIU Hongjuan2，JIANG Nengfei1，LIN Yu2
（1.Shenzhen General Institute of Architectural Design and Research Co. Ltd.，Shenzhen 518028，China；2.Guangxi Urban Building Thermal Environment Control Engineering Research Center，Hualan Design Group Co. Ltd.，Nanning 530011，China）
Abstract：At present，building operation energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of building energy consumption. The purpose of this paper is to seek the most favorable building exterior wall for building energy conservation in hot summer and warm winter areas. Based on the newly released standard GB 55015—2021，it simulates the design and reference buildings of typical external walls. The influence of different exterior wall on building cooling load and natural room temperature in transition season is analyzed under different window-wall ratio. The results show that the difference of main construction materials is the main reason for the energy-saving rate of envelope structure. The heat transfer coefficient of exterior wall should not be reduced blindly，and the indoor heat dissipation at night should also be considered. For new buildings after April 1，2022，the typical building exterior wall of burned shale perforated brick（240 mm） should be preferred and it is most beneficial to building energy conservation.
Key words：hot summer and warm winter area，typical exterior wall construction，building cooling load，natural indoor temperature，envelope energy saving rate